Machining method of CNC lathe
CNC lathe is a kind of machine that uses programming control to complete the processing of parts with digital instructions. CNC lathe is a special equipment for turning parts, also known as machine tool or lathe. It is composed of bed, workbench, headstock (optional) and guide rail. It can process deformed steel bars, round springs and other mechanical parts with diameter ≤ 25 mm.
CNC lathe can also process shaft parts: cylinder, cone and other curved parts; It can turn grooves, threads and various round holes; The shaft can also be milled and bored according to the process requirements.
1. Mechanical principle
The work of the machine tool is completed by a series of chips and abrasive particles (such as tool chips, chip removal, etc.) on the surface of the workpiece that have nothing to do with processing, which is called motion.
The purpose of the processing process is
(1) When processing the workpiece, the machine tool automatically executes the programming to make the workpiece meet the processing needs. The movement of the workpiece is composed of chips and abrasive particles. In the mechanical movement, the chips formed by chips move to the main shaft, thus driving the main shaft to complete the purpose of processing. The spindle motor drives the spindle to rotate to drive the machine tool.
(2) The machine tool uses the numerical control device to store the cutting process in the form of program in the computer. The computer collects the processing program of the numerical control device in various ways to control the machine tool to achieve the processing requirements. In the CNC machine tool, the tool is one of the basic units of the machining process; The cutting speed is determined according to the type, shape and geometric center position of the workpiece during the machining process. Therefore, the CNC machine tool has a very important feature - that is, it is set according to the performance of the machining tool (such as cutting speed, feed rate, etc.).
2. Processing method
In CNC machining, it can be divided into turning, milling, drilling, boring, planing, etc. according to the processing method. According to the processing principle, it can be divided into turning, milling, boring, planing, drilling, grinding and other ways. According to the processing technology, it can be divided into manual and mechanical processing.
The CNC machining process is divided into one clamping/one turning (milling) and multiple clamping/multiple milling (drilling). Take one clamping/multiple turning (milling) as an example:
Turning: turning the circle with the largest outer diameter (diameter ≤ 25 mm), generally turning along the axis of the workpiece with a tool; Milling: circle of the maximum outer diameter of the milling machine (diameter ≤ 25 mm);
Drilling: milling the circle with the largest outer diameter (diameter ≤ 25 mm);
Grinding: grinding the sum of the maximum internal thread diameter and external diameter;
Boring: the sum of the maximum inner diameter and outer diameter of the boring machine reaches or exceeds the allowable size; For taper thread, radial grinding and boring are generally used;
Drilling and other methods: drilling and other methods can only process taper thread; When turning and milling coexist, it can also mill other round holes (such as rectangular slots, etc.).