What are the components of a CNC machine tool
CNC machine tool is a high-precision, high-efficiency, and highly automated mechanical processing equipment. Its working principle is to use a computer control system to control the machine tool and achieve precision machining of workpieces. The following introduces the components of a CNC machine tool.
1. Control system. The control system is the core part of CNC machine tools, and its main function is to receive processing programs and instructions input by the operator, control the actions of the machine tool, and complete processing operations. The control system generally consists of two parts: hardware and software. The hardware mainly consists of a computer, a CNC system motherboard, drivers, encoders, servo motors, etc., while the software includes programming systems, operation interfaces, data transmission systems, etc.
2. Machine body. The main body of a CNC machine tool is the basic part, including the bed, spindle, workbench, locator, tool card, etc. The main function of the machine tool is to fix the workpiece and tool, providing a stable foundation for processing. The shape and structure of different types of CNC machine tools also vary.
3. Tool library. Tool library is a device that provides functions such as tool storage, tool preset, and tool replacement for CNC machine tools. The types and specifications of tool libraries also vary depending on the machine tool.
4. Feed system. The feed system is a key component of CNC machine tools, and its main function is to control the motion trajectory and processing rate of the workpiece relative to the tool, ensuring processing accuracy and efficiency. The feed system includes servo motors, ball screws, guide rails, etc.
5. Hydraulic system. The hydraulic system is the power source of CNC machine tools, and its main function is to provide the cutting force and fixed force required for processing. The hydraulic system includes hydraulic pumps, oil tanks, hydraulic pipelines, etc.
6. Cooling system. The cooling system is established to ensure the machining quality of the cutting tools and workpieces, and its main function is to reduce the heat and friction generated during the machining process, preventing deformation or burning of the cutting tools and workpieces. The cooling system includes a coolant tank, pump, pipeline, etc.
In summary, CNC machine tools are composed of several parts, including control system, machine body, tool library, feed system, hydraulic system, cooling system, etc. Each part plays a different role, cooperating with each other to achieve high-precision, high-efficiency, and highly automated mechanical processing processes.